Then comes the Golden Age of Islam—its radiance, and its many forms of influence. Muslim governments and their citizens, of all faiths, are at the heart of scientific work of astonishing scale: translations of manuscripts from around the world, numerous inventions, and advancements in mathematics, astronomy, geography, cartography, medicine, and the humanities. For over seven centuries, Islam—encouraging knowledge, reflection, and rationality—stood at the center of an international network of research and scientific discovery that still shapes our daily lives today.
